與傳統(tong)的建筑(zhu)工(gong)地(di)(di)(di)塵土飛揚、噪聲轟(hong)鳴不一(yi)樣,裝(zhuang)(zhuang)配式(shi)建筑(zhu)像制(zhi)造(zao)汽車(che)(che)零(ling)件(jian)一(yi)樣,提(ti)前(qian)在工(gong)廠中制(zhi)造(zao)好住宅鋼(gang)構件(jian)、樓梯、樓板(ban)等“零(ling)部件(jian)”被運到工(gong)地(di)(di)(di),工(gong)地(di)(di)(di)上(shang)施工(gong)人員根據圖紙(zhi)“像拼裝(zhuang)(zhuang)樂(le)高積木一(yi)樣建房子(zi)”,工(gong)地(di)(di)(di)像“總裝(zhuang)(zhuang)車(che)(che)間”,實現(xian)了(le)萬(wan)丈(zhang)高樓“車(che)(che)間起”,也讓曾經(jing)的“手(shou)工(gong)”勞動轉變為先進的“流水線”生產的跨越。
裝(zhuang)配式建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)構件都(dou)是在工(gong)廠里預先制作好的(de)(de)(de),然后(hou)運(yun)送(song)到施(shi)工(gong)現(xian)場,采用機(ji)械(xie)化的(de)(de)(de)吊(diao)裝(zhuang)方式進行(xing)組裝(zhuang)而成的(de)(de)(de)。它的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)可(ke)以與其(qi)他專業的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)同(tong)時(shi)進行(xing),避免了傳(chuan)統(tong)建筑(zhu)在施(shi)工(gong)過程中由于混凝(ning)土澆(jiao)筑(zhu)、混凝(ning)土養護等(deng)工(gong)序(xu)和雨雪(xue)等(deng)天氣因素的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),導致(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)周期的(de)(de)(de)延誤。因此,裝(zhuang)配式建筑(zhu)具有(you)建設周期短、施(shi)工(gong)速度快、冬季可(ke)施(shi)工(gong)等(deng)特點。
傳統建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)內(nei)外表(biao)(biao)面(mian)都(dou)會根據外觀需求(qiu)(qiu)進行(xing)裝飾(shi)裝修,但是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物外表(biao)(biao)面(mian)由(you)于(yu)(yu)常(chang)年(nian)遭受風、雨、雪等(deng)(deng)自然災害的(de)侵蝕(shi),內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)由(you)于(yu)(yu)常(chang)常(chang)遭受人為等(deng)(deng)因素的(de)破(po)壞(huai),其粉刷的(de)涂(tu)料和鋪(pu)貼的(de)裝飾(shi)瓷磚都(dou)會出現嚴重的(de)褪色和色差。裝配式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)都(dou)是(shi)采(cai)用定(ding)型模板平面(mian)施(shi)工作業等(deng)(deng)進行(xing)預(yu)制構件大(da)框架化(hua)的(de)制作,對于(yu)(yu)門窗、裝飾(shi)等(deng)(deng)具(ju)有(you)特殊要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)構件,常(chang)常(chang)采(cai)用模具(ju)加工、機(ji)械噴涂(tu)和烘烤等(deng)(deng)工藝(yi)一次成(cheng)型,既提高了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)效率和產(chan)品的(de)質(zhi)量,又降(jiang)低了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben),并能夠(gou)有(you)效的(de)降(jiang)低材料的(de)耗損。
由于裝配(pei)(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑的自重要比傳統建(jian)(jian)筑的自重輕,因此(ci),裝配(pei)(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑對于地(di)基(ji)承載力的要求也降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)了。工廠(chang)預(yu)制好(hao)的建(jian)(jian)筑構件運(yun)送來后(hou),在施(shi)工現(xian)場的工人們(men)便可以(yi)按照施(shi)工圖紙的設計要求進行(xing)現(xian)場組裝,工地(di)上再也不會出現(xian)過去那種大(da)規模(mo)的濕作(zuo)用(yong)情況了。因此(ci),裝配(pei)(pei)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑具(ju)有(you)施(shi)工精確、質量保(bao)證(zheng)、勞動(dong)力降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)、安(an)全(quan)環保(bao)、成本(ben)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)等特點
建設項(xiang)目(mu)的樓板、圍(wei)墻、陽臺(tai)、雨篷等(deng)構(gou)建都(dou)是先(xian)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠里加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)好,再(zai)運(yun)輸到工(gong)(gong)(gong)地現場,通過拼接、澆筑而(er)成(cheng),節(jie)省時間、減少人力和建筑垃圾。工(gong)(gong)(gong)地上,一根根鋼(gang)筋、一張張鋼(gang)板經過一系(xi)列自(zi)動化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong),最終(zhong)變成(cheng)了樓承板、鋼(gang)梁(liang)、鋼(gang)柱、U型管件(jian)等(deng)鋼(gang)結構(gou)部品、部件(jian)。這些產品加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)后將運(yun)往(wang)省內外(wai)部分裝配式建筑項(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)地。
